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Clean room air supply solution

Published on.

2022-08-24 08:47

1

Air delivery solutions

The common air conditioning air supply method can be divided into centralized and localized type. In addition, the purification system requires coarse, medium and high efficiency filters. Combining the dual requirements of air conditioning and purification, the purified air conditioning system can be divided into centralized purified air conditioning system and decentralized purified air conditioning system.

1、Centralized purified air conditioning system

The primary and intermediate filters and heat and moisture treatment equipment (fans, heating, humidifying and cooling equipment) are set up in an air conditioning room, and the system is connected with the high efficiency filters arranged at the indoor air outlet, called the centralized purified air conditioning system.

The air supply method of centralized purified air conditioning system can have the following forms.

(1) Single fan system

a. To prevent contaminated air from seeping into the purified air conditioning system and again contaminate the air after the filter, the filter should generally be set in the positive pressure section of the system.

b. To prevent the air from being contaminated again after the high efficiency filter, the high efficiency filter should be arranged at the end of the system as far as possible, that is, as close as possible to the clean room air supply. In general, it is not suitable to use the practice of concentrating the high efficiency filter on the air supply pipe in the air conditioning room or far from the air supply outlet of the clean room.

c．当回风含尘浓度较高或有大粒径灰尘、纤维等情况下，可在回风口或回风管道上设置中效过滤器。

d．在围护结构比较严密的条件下，为防止系统停止运行后室外污染空气由新风口进入洁净室，除在回风口或回风管道上设置中效过滤器外，可在新风人口管道上设置电动密闭阀并与风机连锁。当风机启动时，密闭阀打开，停止运行时关闭；或在新风人口管道上设置一般调节阀，再增设一道中效过滤器。

(2)设置值班风机的系统

当净化空调系统间歇运行时，为防止系统停运后室外污染空气通过围护结构的缝隙或从新风口进入洁净室，可以设置值班风机。

值班风机的风量按维持室内预定正压值所需换气次数确定；如果洁净室内的排风系统全天运行或在非生产时减少风量运行，则值班风机的风量还应考虑排风系统的排风量。

(3)并联的集中式系统

当一空调机房内布置多个集中式净化空调系统时，可将几个系统并联，只设一个新风热湿处理系统。这样做可以减轻每个集中式净化处理室空调系统的冷负荷与热负荷，而且运行比较灵活。

系统正常运行时，阀1和阀3关闭，阀2和阀4打开，新风风机3和送风风机5投入运行；系统值班运行时，阀1和阀3打开，阀2和阀4关闭，新风风机3投入运行，送风风机5停止运行。此外，当某个系统不需要运行时，可将阀1和阀2或阀3和阀4关闭，其相应的送风风机也停止运行即可，而其余系统可以照常使用。

(4)双风机系统

当系统阻力较大时，为了降低噪声，减少漏风量和便于系统的运行调节，经技术经济比较认为合理时，可采用双风机集中式净化空调系统

双风机系统由于两台风机串联使用，其效率较每台风机单独使用时要低，同时机房面积也大。

(5)两级高效过滤器系统。对于层流洁净室，为了延长顶棚高级过滤器的使用寿命，减少其更换次数及提高室内空气洁净度，可在送风静压箱人口处或空调机房内增设一道高效过滤器。这种做法的缺点是系统的阻力增大，投资也相应增加。

(6)部分空气直接循环的集中系统利用大型离心通风机实现部分空气直接循环的集中式系统。利用并联的小型离心式通风机实现部分空气直接循环的集中式系统。层流洁净室的换气次数很大，如果空调机房与洁净室的距离较远，可利用大型离心式通风机或风量大、风压高、效率高、噪声低的数台小型离心式通风机并联，就近实现部分空气的直接循环，缩短了大风管的长度，并节省了风管所占空间。

将小型离心式通风机和高效过滤器组成净化送风单元，然后用净化送风单元组成层流洁净室，其机房占地面积较土建式的小，施工周期也将大大缩短。

(7)设置消声器的集中式系统。系统利用装配式洁净小室，局部净化设备(洁净工作台、洁净棚、层流罩和自净器等)与一般空调环境所构成的系统，均叫分散式净化空调系统。

目前，应用最广泛的是集中式净化空调系统与分散式净化空调系统相结合的形式，它兼有集中式和分散式系统的优点，更能适应工艺生产的要求和建筑工程的客观条件。

2、分散式净化空调系统

分散式净化空调系统的基本形式如下。

(1)在集中式空调系统的环境中，设置局部净化设备。

(2)在分散式空调系统的环境中，设置局部净化设备。

送风方案的选择

新建工程应根据洁净室的面积、净高、位置及消声、减振等要求，经综合技术经济比较后，确定采用集中式净化空调系统或分散式净化空调系统作为送风方案。一般情况下，面积较大，净高较高、位置集中及消声、减振要求严格的洁净室应采用集中式系统；反之，可采用分散式系统。

改建工程除应符合上述原则外，可根据工程的具体情况作不同的处理。原有建筑内设有集中式空调系统时，可在空调系统内集中增设中效过滤器和高效过滤器或在送风口处增设高效过滤器，并且用提高风机转速或更换风机的方法，提高风机的风量和风压，组成集中式净化空调系统。也可在室内增设局部净化设备，组成分散式净化空调系统。

原建筑内未设空调系统时，可增设集中式净化空调系统；也可增设净化空调器或小型空调器和局部净化设备，组成分散式净化空调系统。

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